I would recommend Open Data Structures: https://opendatastructures.org/ It's available for free online, or if you'd like you can buy a physical copy. It's got 14 chapters that take you through a variety of data structures, introduces you to the theory behind them, and teaches you the basics of analyzing them. I've done many of the exercises from this book, and found them useful for learning the topic.
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Open Data Structures
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