Eh, I was thinking about something else, actually. What you listed are taught in every CS program, aren't they? It isn't what I imagined when I heard "rigorous" at all. Topology, number theory, abstract algebra (I mean, real one, not CS-course basics), statistics, tensor analysis? Isn't that "undergrad math"? For things like Set theory/combinatorics/logic basics I'd recommend Rosen's "Discrete Math and Applications"[1]. CS oriented, simple, interesting, broad. Covers all the basic stuff. Linear algebra — two books, "Linear algebra done Right" and "Linear algebra done Wrong". Second one more math-oriented, the first one — pretty simple, pretty clear, fun to read. Real analysis ("calculus" you mean?) — I personally learned from different sources and probably the most concise book I read is Fichtengolz's "differential and integral calculus", but I don't know if it's available in english. I guess, almost any book on topic is fine.…
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