If you're looking for introductory material, I'd highly recommend Computer Systems, A Programmer's Perspective by Bryant and O'Hallaron: https://csapp.cs.cmu.edu/ It sounds like the material you're after would mostly be in chapters two or three through five depending on where you'd want to start. The second edition is much cheaper used and follows broadly the same path, though it does have x86-32 in the main text with -64 as an appendix ("web aside"); third swaps that.
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Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective
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